The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has left an indelible mark on the annals of history. From its first reported outbreak in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, to its subsequent evolution into a global health crisis, COVID-19 has disrupted economies, transformed societies and tested the resilience of humanity.SARS-CoV-2 is a novel beta-corona virus, distinct yet sharing similarities with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Transmitted primarily via respiratory droplets, the virus quickly infiltrated global populations, leading to a pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. With its high reproductive number and silent asymptomatic spreaders, SARS-CoV-2 challenged conventional containment. The pandemic catalyzed an unprecedented global collaboration in research. Within months, the virus's genetic sequence was mapped, paving the way for diagnostic tools and vaccines. By the end of 2020, mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, among others, were authorized for emergency use, representing a breakthrough in immunology. However, vaccine distribution highlighted inequities in global healthcare. While high-income nations swiftly inoculated their populations, many developing countries faced shortages. This disparity underscored the need for a more equitable global health framework. Therefore a need to understand signaling pathways to treat this deadly virus is need of an hour.
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